Africa:a continent... Africa, a term whose etymology is uncertain, is a continent that covers 6% of the earth's surface and 20% of the surface of the land. Its surface area is 30,415,873 km2 with the islands, making it the third largest in the world if one counts America as one continent. With more than 1.2 billion people, Africa is the second most populous continent after Asia and represents 16.4% of the world's population in 2016. The continent is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, The Suez Canal and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west:

The Christian religion was established in Africa as early as the first century, mainly in the northern part of the continent. The seventh century saw the beginnings of Islam in Africa, which settled on the east coast and in the north of the continent to the northern fringe of the sub-Saharan zone. North Africa is, at the same time, Arabized. In sub-Saharan Africa, from the eighth century to the seventeenth century, powerful and rich empires succeeded one another. Towards the end of this period, in the fifteenth century, the Portuguese, followed by other European nations, established a slave trade on the west coast, the Atlantic slave trade being added to intra-African trade and Which already prevail on the continent.;

The eighteenth century marked the beginning of European explorations, followed by the massive colonization of the continent between the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century. The slave trade ceased at the beginning of the twentieth century, but Africa was almost entirely under colonial domination until the end of the twentieth century, which is today a model for the borders and economies of the countries concerned.

Most states obtained their independence between the late 1950s (Morocco, Tunisia, Ghana ...) and the mid-1970s (Angola, Mozambique ...). Independent Africa is essentially made up of "imperfect democracies" and even "authoritarian regimes" and there are many conflicts. Since South Sudan became independent in 2011, Africa, including Madagascar, has 54 sovereign states (not including SADR and Somaliland).

Countries on the continent have the largest population growth in the world and a health situation that is clearly improving and progressing less rapidly than in other developing countries. Africa is based on a social organization based on the extended family and ethnicity; There are a thousand ethnic groups on the continent. It has the highest linguistic diversity in the world with nearly 2,000 modern languages. Contemporary Africa is in a situation where the weight of its demography is difficult to manage (unemployment, financing of education ...) as it remains the continent least developed economically despite strong growth since the beginning of the 21st century, which has Allowed the emergence of a less fertile middle class, with higher incomes. It is also facing the most deadly terrorist violence on the planet.




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©21/08/2017 by Caserus joel
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